武汉港可通航多大的远洋集装箱船?答案:上海外高桥港能到的最大吨位的船

大武汉
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Re: 武汉港可通航多大的远洋集装箱船?答案:上海外高桥港能到的最大吨位的船

帖子 yellowcranetower » 周六 1月 18, 2025 2:37 pm

World’s largest reefer ship to boost fruits exports
Exports of New Zealand kiwifruit and South African citrus fruits to Europe have been boosted by the commissioning of the world's largest reefer vessel.


Date : 2021/07/05
Subject : Figures, economy; Developing country; General information
Themes : Marine transport;
Fruit;
Refrigerated transport: economics and statistics
Keywords : Citrus fruit; South africa; Reefer ship; Export; Economy; Refrigerated transport; Sea transport; Kiwifruit; New Zealand
Print
In the second quarter of 2021, the world’s largest specialised reefer ship (189.9m long and 30.7m wide) is expected to carry its first shipment of produce to the European market. Built in 2021 by Cool Carriers, the MV Cool Eagle is one of a series of five ships that are the largest reefer vessels in the world. With a capacity of 25,6251 m3, the “MV Cool Eagle” can carry about 6,000 pallets of fruits in 342 reefer containers on deck, with 7,200 pallets below deck. This equates to 1.2 million cartons of fruits. [1, 2]



Unlike container ships that transport individual refrigerated containers, specialised reefer ships have insulated holds that can be adjusted depending on the type of cargo being shipped. For its first shipment, the cargo aboard the MV Cool Eagle includes kiwifruits from New Zealand as well as citrus from South Africa. [3, 4]



According to the South African Citrus Growers Association, there was a 33% increase in citrus shipments on specialised reefer vessels in 2020. Growers expect to export a record-breaking 163 million cartons of citrus during the 2021 export season. Moreover, citrus exports are expected to grow by a further 500,000 tonnes over the next three to five years. It is therefore critical that the entire logistics chain is able to support this growth. [1]



According to a World Bank assessment report, South Africa’s container terminals are among the most inefficient in the world. As a result, traditional container ships take longer to clear the country’s ports than reefer ships. Reefer ships typically arrive faster at export markets in Europe and therefore guarantee better quality fruits. [1]



Overall, exporters are affected by the current global shortage of shipping containers, primarily caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. As a result, a variety of transport solutions are needed.

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Re: 武汉港可通航多大的远洋集装箱船?答案:上海外高桥港能到的最大吨位的船

帖子 yellowcranetower » 周日 1月 19, 2025 2:38 am

牲畜船的世界你不懂
来源于:国际船舶网
2016-04-30 11:51:56
4月27日,大连中远船务建造的23500㎡大型牲畜运输船“希乐”轮在大连命名交付。这是中国目前交付的最大牲畜船。这艘船的下水也让牲畜船成了近期船市的热点。

  根据中澳签订协议,澳洲每年将向中国出口100万头活牛,仅此一项将带来20艘运力为5000头活牛的牲畜船需求。那牲畜船市场到底如何呢?国际船舶网小编花了很大的心思,搜集了很多数据资料,让你全面了解一下牲畜船的世界。

  一、澳大利亚活牛贸易市场概况

  澳国家统计局(ABS)最新数据显示,受东南亚市场需求强劲助推,2015年澳洲活牛出口量超过133万头,创下按公历年计最高出口纪录。

  受配额许可限制,去年澳大利亚对印尼活牛出口达约619000头,较2014年下滑15%。2015年澳各活牛出口市场中表现最为出众的当属越南,该国全年采购澳活牛35万头,较2014年飙涨近50%。

  据ABS数据,2015年活牛出口在全澳肉牛出栏量(包括出口和屠宰)中比重约为13%,较2014年增长4%。展望未来,活牛出口仍将是澳肉牛贸易的重要组成部分。然而受供应紧缩影响,MLA预计2016年活牛出口量预计将保持在100万头左右,较2014及2015年有明显缩减。

  MLA还指出,除肉牛贸易以外,澳乳牛出口同样保持强劲,维州全年乳牛出口量高达73,600头。中国仍然是澳最关键的乳牛出口目的市场,2015年对华出口量达到56120头。

  澳大利亚活牛出口方式依旧是海运为主(超过95%),空运为辅,这主要与澳大利亚地理位置有关,四面环海的绝对优势和海运的低成本让港口运输起到了关键作用。达尔文是活牛最大的出口港,弗里曼特尔是第二大活牛出口港。

  二、未来中国每年要从澳进口100万头肉牛

  中国是澳大利亚奶牛最大出口市场。据澳官方数据,2010年澳洲出口海外的奶牛大约为7.8万头,其中有5.65万头出口到中国,占澳奶牛出口总数的72%,比前年的3.3万头增长了71%。据中国海关数据,2010年中国共进口奶牛9.08万头;2011年1-8月份,我国共进口奶牛6.06万头,其中有一半以上从澳大利亚进口。2013年澳洲出口中国的活牛数为6.7万头,比2012年高出19%。受检验检疫条件和动物疫情约束,目前的进口量仍远不能满足我国国内市场的需要。

  2015年7月,中澳正式签署《关于中国从澳大利亚输入屠宰用牛的检疫和卫生要求议定书》后,中国每年要从澳大利亚进口100万头肉牛。全国有12个口岸获得了该项目落地的资质。

  根据中澳自贸协定(ChAFTA),中方将在协定生效后4年内逐步免除面向澳洲活牛货价10%的进口关税。考虑到澳大利亚目前年均出口肉牛数量尚未超过100万头,因此,向中国每年出口100头肉牛应该不是一次性达到的,而是每年逐步增加最终达到100万头。

  另外,考虑到中国是澳大利亚奶牛最大出口市场,奶牛出口未来依然是稳定增长的,按年均15%的增长率,未来基本可以保证每年10万头的出口量。

  三、全球牲畜运输船市场分析

  1、全球在运营牲畜运输船情况

  表、全球牲畜运输船船队船龄结构

   数据来源:克拉克松

  根据克拉克松数据统计,全球目前在运营牲畜船总计110艘、602633载重吨,其中20年及以上船龄的牲畜运输船总计运力为487195载重吨,占全球牲畜运输船船队总运力的80.84%,占比第一;0-4年船龄的牲畜运输船6艘,运力为32282载重吨,占牲畜运输船船队运力的5.36%,接下来依次是10-14年船龄4艘、15-19年船龄4艘和5-9年船龄3艘。

  2、全球牲畜运输船船东情况

  表、全球牲畜船运力排名前20船东

   数据来源:克拉克松

  3、全球牲畜运输船建造船厂情况

  表、牲畜船建造排名前20船厂

   数据来源:克拉克松

  四、主要牲畜运输船介绍

  “Ocean Drover”号是目前世界最大牲畜运输船

   “MV Ocean Drover”号牲畜船,曾经船名为“Becrux”,是目前世界最大的专为运输牲畜(主要为牛和羊)而设计和建造的牲畜运输船。能容纳75000只羊或者18000只牛。船上配有先进的喂养(水和饲料)系统和自动化的通风系统,因此能不间断的运送牲畜。

  “MV Ocean Drover”号牲畜船是意大利Siba航运公司订造,总计2艘,总价2.5亿美元,由克罗地亚Uljanik船厂建造。2艘船的建造目标锁定澳大利亚市场,2011年投入运营。

  “Becrux”号牲畜船全长180米、型宽31.1米、总吨33774吨、甲板层数9层、载货面积24000平方米、夏季吃水8.2米、淡水容量2, 740,000升、4个反渗透海水淡化装备每天可以产生淡水600吨、草料容量1500吨、空气环流每小时换气60次、航速20kts、主机型号是Man B. W. 7S50MC-C、船上工作人员45人。

  “娜达”号,中船澄西改装世界上第二大牲畜运输船

   中船澄西改装的“娜达”轮是全球第一艘满足AMSA规范的牲畜运输船。该船凭借一次可运输2万头牛或11万只羊的舱容,一举成为目前世界上第二大牲畜运输船。

  “娜达”轮原为一艘2500箱集装箱船,总长201.41米,型宽32.24米,原分为5个货舱,要求改装成满足BV规范和AMSA规范要求的LIVESTOCK CARRIER。改装船“娜达”轮船体结构共分13层,其中主甲板以下7层,主甲板以上6层。

  主要参数:总长约201.41m,设计吃水11.00m,垂线间长189.00m,满载吃水11.50m,型宽32.24m,航速约19.33Kn,型深18.70m,船级社BV。

  “希乐”轮,大连中远船务交付中国最大牲畜船

   4月27日,大连中远船务工程有限公司建造的23500㎡大型牲畜运输船“希乐”轮正式命名交付。该船一次可装载运输约17000头活牛,是中国船厂迄今为止建造的最大牲畜运输船。

  “希乐”轮总长189.5米、型宽31.1米、型深24.33米,结构吃水8.85米,最高航速19.7节,最大航速22节,主要用于运输活体牛羊。船舶配备了牛羊自动饮水系统、自动饲料投送系统、振动及噪音控制系统、通风系统、粪便处理系统等先进的动物生活设施,满足当前国际新型牲畜运输船的最高标准――澳大利亚AMSA规范要求,能为所运输牲畜提供非常舒适的环境,可以有效保障在较长时间封闭的海上航行中牲畜的健康稳定。

  五、结论及预测

  1、活牛是澳大利亚支柱产业和主要出口产品,未来产量和出口量将逐年增长,而海运是其主要运输方式。另一方面,澳大利亚、阿拉伯等国家和地区牲口的出口,每年的增长率达到20%以上,因此,牲畜运输船市场前景广阔,未来有稳定需求基础。

  2、随着中国和澳大利亚正式签约,未来10年澳大利亚向中国出口的活牛(包括肉牛和奶牛)将会快速增长,2025年将超过每年110万头以上。

  3、牲畜运输市场特殊性决定该市场不会很大,船东数量也不多,而且全部是国外船东,大部分船东船队数量低于2艘,前5家船东运力(按载重吨)已超过全部船队运力的54%,专业化和集中化程度很高,对市场的控制力相对很强。未来有能力订造新船的船东基本就是目前排名前5的船东。长航国际是国内首家进军牲畜运输市场的船东,相对控股“中外运长航牲畜运输有限公司”。投资改装的总围栏面积1.28万平米,活牛装载能力约4,500头两艘牲畜运输船正在大连船舶重工改装,近期即将投入营运。

  4、由于牲畜船数量较少,加上主要船东都是欧洲船东,因此此前有建造经验的船厂多数是欧洲船厂,近几年开始有韩国和日本船厂开始建造,中国只有广东中远船务有建造经验,而中船澄西船厂和大连船舶重工已有大型牲畜船改装经验,从建造能力和技术来看,中国船厂没有问题。

  5、目前澳大利亚和运往印尼和中国的活牛运输船已经开始采用最大的20000头牛的牲畜运输船。显然,如果市场稳定增长,大型化牲畜运输船具有明显的成本优势,运输20000头活牛的大型牲畜运输船将成为该航线的主流船型。

  6、按目前在运营牲畜运输船现状,20年船龄以上已超过80%,船龄结构明显老化,但近5年来新造船数量已开始明显增长,说明市场已明显回暖。但随着船舶的日益老旧及一系列新规范、新规则的不断生效,大部分牲畜运输船面临无法满足新环保要求,需要进行升级改造。但是考虑牲畜运输船市场不大,在短期内不太会出现大量订单。

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Re: 武汉港可通航多大的远洋集装箱船?答案:上海外高桥港能到的最大吨位的船

帖子 yellowcranetower » 周日 1月 19, 2025 2:40 am

Ocean Drover
ocean_drover_1v
1


The MV Ocean Drover (formerly the MV Becrux), was commissioned in 2002 and is the world’s largest, purpose-built livestock carrier, with advanced ventilation, feed and water systems.

The vessel is capable of transporting 75,000 sheep or 18,000 cattle to major markets around the globe.

The vessel celebrated its 100th voyage in June 2010.

It has visited ports in Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Mexico, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Turkey, China and Russia, and loaded from Townsville, Darwin, Wyndham, Broome, Geraldton, Fremantle, Adelaide and Portland in Australia plus New Zealand, United States and Brazil.

Vessel specifications
Name: OCEAN DROVER
Port of Registry: Majuro
Flag: Marshall islands
Call Sign: V7JX9
IMO Number: 9232852
Official Number: 6122
Owners: Ruchira Ships Limited, Marshall Islands
Managers: Korkyra Shipping d.o.o., Korcula, Croatia
Built: 2002 / ULJANIK SHIPYARD, PULA, CROATIA
Type: Livestock Carrier
Class: RINA
LOA: 176.32 m
Breadth max: 31.13 m
Depth: 14.54 m
Draft when loaded: 8.716 m
GRT / NT: 29770 / 10973
Deadweight: 13462 mt
Cargo capacity: 5000 cattles
Loading decks area: 23682 gros / 23378 net sqm
Cranes: Uljanik T.O. – 2 units – SWL 2.5 mt each, 7 – 24 m
Main Engine: MAN B&W, TYPE 7S50 MC-C / 11060 KW / 127 RPM
Aux. engines: MAN B&W, 4 units / 2 X 1280 kw and 2 x 1120 kw / total 4800 kw
Speed: 19 kts
Number of Crew: 45

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Re: 武汉港可通航多大的远洋集装箱船?答案:上海外高桥港能到的最大吨位的船

帖子 yellowcranetower » 周日 1月 19, 2025 7:03 pm

船舶类型的详细介绍(图文并茂)
2019-05-03 21:01 来源: 明辉说油

市场讯息:5月2日(周三),美国原油库存显著回升,缓解了市场对于供应趋紧的担忧,加之美元持续反弹,国际油价大幅下跌。

美国WTI 6月原油期货收跌1.79美元,跌幅2.81%,报61.81美元/桶;布伦特7月原油期货收跌1.43美元,跌幅1.98%,报70.75美元/桶。



国际干货和油槽船(包括液化气体船)市场是巨大的,由多种类型和大小各异的船舶构成。有的船按标准设计建成,可以装载不同货物,有一些则设计独特且只能运输特定的货物。由于船型更替的速度十分迅速,下面我们我们将做出一个简短的介绍,细数世界货运市场上出现的船舶类型。

干货船舶

干货市场是最受人们关注的,因为船舶的类型非常多。干货船基本的类型可大致分为:杂货船、散货船、近洋运输船,集装箱船和特殊用途船。而它们每种按技术特性和尺寸大小又分为不同子类。



“Liberty type”型船舶 图片来源:National Museum of American History

杂货船:他们在第二次世界大战期间开始被批量制造,当时10000载重吨的“Liberty type”型船十分流行。它们被建造用来运输杂货,袋装、包装货物,或者散装货物。杂货船通常体型较小,大概在5000-25000载重吨。



图片来源:Allship

现代杂货船通常带有两层甲板,这被称为“双甲板船”。在双甲板船中,每件货物可以被分到不同的间隔区:在主甲板和二层甲板之间的区域叫做“甲板间舱”(或上货舱),而二层甲板下面的空间叫做主货舱(也叫下货舱)。

双甲板船相对于单甲板船主要有两个优势:(a)她们配有独立的货舱因此可以运载那些必须分开存放以防相互污染的货物。(b)她们可以用两层甲板分担重量使袋包货物码放得更高,同时也可以将二层甲板收起或折叠来方便装卸货物。现代的杂货船甚至安装了集装箱配件来装载集装箱,也会有能力足够的船吊(大概在30-40吨)来搬运集装箱和其他杂货。



图片来源:OPENsea

散货船:正如名字表示的一样,这种船通常被用来运输散货(例如煤炭、铁矿石、粮食、矿石等),然而一些杂货(比如袋装货物和钢材)也经常会被装载一些小型的散货船上。这些船一般都是单层甲板,不能装载集装箱。她们的舱盖通常较大,以便于货物装卸迅速且不受阻碍。由于他们所装载货物的自身特性,这些货舱通常会被设计为自动平仓系统以便简单快速的装载和平仓。不同于杂货船可以装载不同种类的货物,散货船中的货物通常都是类似的。

根据体型大小,散货船通常有如下几种不同的分类:



图片来源:NauticExpo

Mini Bulkers载重吨最多到15000t左右。她们主要用于近海运输,实际上不同于传统的干散货船舶,大多数这种尺寸的船通常被用来装散货或者近海特殊用途。





Handsize bulkers载重吨在15000到39000之间,通常配有5个货舱,一部分小型handies也会有4个舱。除了传统的handysize,也会有一些结构更复杂的handysize型船可以用来运输原木。这种船通常被称为原木船,她们额外配有系固装置,支柱接口和支柱在甲板的船舷边上,以便于原木的安全存放。这些支柱可以是永久性的,也可以是可拆卸的。另外,20000t至30000t的handysize船通常用在圣劳伦斯河道上,因此,她们也被称为大湖型散货船。这种大湖型散货船船长70米,宽21.5米,吃水7.92米,净空高不会超过35.6米。



Handymax型船载重吨在40000t到50000t之间,也配有5个货舱。但是这种船型普遍较老了因为现在很少新造船在这个载重吨范围。



Supramax bulkers,目前几乎已经取代了handymaxes, 50,000-60,000载重吨之间.,也是5个舱。



Ultramax型船是近些年新出现的一种船型。这种船通常配有“经济型主机”,载重吨在62000到65000之间,5个货舱。Ultramax型散货船因此也被当作是supramax船的升级版。



Panamax型散货船载重吨在70000t到80000t,但是也有一些2000年之前造的比较老的Panamax船在60000t到70000t之间。Panamax型船通常有7个货舱,而正如她的名字,这种船型是巴拿马运河允许通过的最大型船舶。当然随着运河的扩建,相应更大的船舶也会被设计建造出来。这种船舶被称为post-Panamax(超巴拿马型)船,她们载重吨在90000t到110000t间不等。



Kamsarmax型散货船比Panamax型船略大,除此之外没有太大差异,目前这两种船位于同一运输市场。Kamsaimax船载重吨在80000t到85000t之间,大多数为82000t左右,船长229米,比224-225米的Panamax船略长。Kamsarmax船是能够进入西非Kamsar港的最大型船,这是世界上最大的铝矾土出口港。



Capzesize型船载重吨在160000t到210000t之间。早前,有更小的Capesize船被称为mini-cape或babe-capes载重吨在110000t到160000t之间,当然这种船市场上也很少见,毕竟不是一种常规的设计。Capesize型船通常有9个货舱。一些较大的Capesize船型宽47米,被称为Newcastlemax型船,她们是能够进入澳大利亚纽卡斯尔港的最大船舶。



VLOC是一种比Capesize更大的船型,通常用来运输铁矿石。这种船最大的被称为Valemax或Chinamax,载重吨高达400000t。

较小的船型从mini-bulkers到Ultramaxs通常(通常但并不是所有的)都装备船吊。而更大的船型从Pannamax到VLOC大多不会配备船吊。(很少一部分有船吊的主要是panamax和karsarmax型船)。小型散货船可以运输多种散货甚至可以用来运输杂货,所以主要是近海运输。而Panamax和Capesize主要是运输粮食、煤炭和铁矿石,其他货物很少。更大的VLOC则只能用来运输铁矿石。

在下面的表格中,我们总结了不同船型的主要参数,以便我们观察他们之间的相似和区别。





集装箱船:这种船舶只被用来运输集装箱。她们的货舱是单元化的,在集装箱放置的地方设有很多框架和导轨。集装箱船小的能装载500TEU,大的则能达到22000TEU。小型集装箱船主要是支线船,为干线港提供喂给,可能会配有船吊。而大型集装箱船则不会配备船吊,她们的速度可达到25节,用来跑长距离的跨洋航线。集装箱船的运作和和其他散杂货船差别很大。这些船通常被大型船公司期租来为终端客户提供固定价格、固定航次的服务。



特殊用途船舶:在这种船型里,我们将重点介绍重型起重船、木材船、牲畜运输船、冷藏船和滚装船(Ro/Ro)。





重型起重船类似于多用途船,但是她们经常用来吊一些大型工程货物,最重可达2000t(甚至并吊能达到3000吨),普通的船吊远远达不到这个水平。



木材船可以运输一些用来做纸浆的木屑或碎木。她们的载重吨在40000t到60000t间,但她们通常以体积吨而不是载重吨来衡量。这种船通常配有船吊和传送带来方便装卸货物。



牲畜运输船是用来运输活牲畜的,主要是牛和羊两种。这种船有一些独特的特种比如有粮草储存间,良好的通风设备,充足的淡水供应,动物粪便处理系统,专门的坡道和饲养员的住所。牲畜运输船通常由其他船型改造而来,但有时一些牲畜运输船也会专门建造,尤其是一些运输活牛的船舶。



图片来源:Dole RMS

冷藏船是一种非常专业的船舶。她们通常有两个以上的甲板,并且货舱之间是全隔离的,这样可以保证为不同的货物保持各自需要的温度。她们速度很快以便减少运输时间,船吊的操作速度也很快这样可以避免货物在转移中温度损失。



Ro/Ro船可以用来运输汽车、卡车和载货的拖车等,也经常用作渡轮。其两项重要指标是停车区域的大小和入口坡道的尺寸。

油槽船(包括油轮、化学品船以及LNG/LPG运输船等)



Tanker种类相对比较简单。主要的类型包括成品油油轮和原油油轮,当然也会有一些特殊的类型比如化学品船、液化气船和沥青船等。

成品油油轮:原油经过精炼会得到很多石油制成品,其中最轻质的也是最纯净的,比如汽油、煤油、轻柴油。然而较重的则是比较”脏“的产品,比如船用重油和石油残渣。成品油油轮被分成不同船型仅仅区别于他们运输的不同洁净度的产品。

值得一提的是,清洁油油轮可以去运输较脏的的原油产品(除了各别产品需要在运输中保持高温),但诸如主要运输原油的VLCC在特殊情况下洗舱后也可以运输某些成品油(但由于清仓费用较高加上不同货物对船舶舱壁涂层的影响,这样的情况较少。)其船型的分类如下:



清洁油油轮Clean product tankers要求装载的货舱必须是干净的,此外这类船舶油舱有特定的涂层可以用来减少船体腐蚀。另外,清洁油油轮具有非常高级的隔离系统可以避免船上不同货物之间有相互污染的风险,这也意味着这类船舶能同时装载运输不同种类、级别的货物。

Dirty product tankers有则不需要有这样的涂料和隔离系统,然而她们通常会配有加热装置,以保证这些高密度燃油在输送的过程中保持液体流动状态。

成品油油轮的大小通常为从几千吨到160000dwt之间不等。



原油油轮:原油油轮在本质上没有太大差别,甚至把不同种类的原油混杂到一起也没有太大问题,因为这些原油在卖给最终买方之后还要进行统一的精炼。所以原油船被用来将原油从产出地运送到精炼地,她们的尺寸小则50000t,而最大的现代ULCC载重吨高达500000t以上。(该轮已经被拆解,详情见:→),目前在运营的世界最大ULCC为44万吨级的泰欧轮。详情可参考:→)

这种船最多运输一两种货物,而她们的泵和管道系统相比于成品油油轮要简单的多。



图片来源:EIA

就大小而言,成品油和原油油轮主要可以分为以下几个船型:

通用油轮General Purpose tankers:她们主要用来运输精炼的成品油,载重吨在10000t到25000t之间。

Handysize型油轮:也是用来运输成品油,载重吨在25000t到40000t。

MR(中型)油轮:用来运输成品油,载重吨在40000t到55000t。

LR1(长型1类)油轮:她们既可以用来运输成品油可能运输原油。其中专门用来运输脏油和原油的也可以叫做Panamax油轮,LR1型油轮和Panamax油轮载重吨都在55000t到80000t之间。

LR2(长型2类)油轮:她们也是原油、成品油都可以运输的,载重吨在80000t到160000t。其中适合运输原油的包括Aframax型油轮,载重吨在80000t到120000t,还有Suzmax型油轮载重吨在120000t到160000t之间。



VLCC(特大型)油轮和ULCC(超大型)油轮一般只用来运输原油。VLCC载重吨一般最高为320000t,而ULCC载重吨则高达550000t。



化学品船:她们船型相对较小,一般载重吨在5000t到25000t之间,少部分化学品船能达到50000t。化学品船主要分为两个类型,一种是运输特别危险的油类,另一种是运输可食用的油类。为了能够安全运输这些危险的化学品,这种船通常会有一些特别高标准的要求,比如:

—船上的容器会有一些高级材料涂层,比如一些很流行的不锈钢、环氧树脂和硅酸锌。这些涂料非常容易清洁并且会可以保障化学品和船舱不会发生反应而导致互相损坏。

—每一个容器都会配有一个深井泵系统,因此不同货物在装卸时也可以被很好的隔离开。通过这种方法化学品船可以装载很多不同种类的化学品,而绝对不会出现相互污染的情况。



液化气船:她们是一种极为专业化的“油轮”。主要有两种为人熟知的类型,LNG(液化天然气船)和LPG(液化石油气船)。液化天然气的成分主要是甲烷,它需要在零下162摄氏度高压环境下运输,以保证甲烷处于液体状态。液化石油气船运输的主要是丙烷和丁烷,也会运输一些氨气。这种全密封式船需要将气体保持在10-12个大气压下,温度也将达到零下50摄氏度。

液化气船的尺寸通常会以立方米为单位按体积能力声明。LPG船小型的大概在500立方米,大型的为85000立方米,而LNG船最大则能达到265000立方米。一般来说,Q-Flex(卡塔尔灵便型)船会设计为210000至217000立方米,而Q-max(卡塔尔型)船会设计为261700-266000立方米,这个是由卡塔尔船级社提供的最大尺寸。



沥青船:一些小型油轮适合运输沥青,她们载重吨大多数不会超过7500t,然而也会有一些新造沥青船设计载重吨达到20000t。这种船的主要特点是她们能使沥青保持200摄氏度的高温。沥青船不会配有惰性气体系统,也不能运输其他油类产品,除非一些对清洁度完全没有要求的脏油。(来源:信德海事,作者张晗)

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Re: 武汉港可通航多大的远洋集装箱船?答案:上海外高桥港能到的最大吨位的船

帖子 yellowcranetower » 周日 1月 19, 2025 7:08 pm

化学品船(Chemical Tanker)
2023-11-25 20:06 来源: 明辉说油

发布于:上海市


化学品船的介绍:

所谓化学品船应当被定义为液货船,就是建造或改装用于运载各种有毒的、易燃的、易发挥或有腐蚀性化学物质的货船。液体化学品船多为双层底和双重舷侧,货舱设有分隔并装有专用的货泵和管系。货舱内壁和管系采用不锈钢或抗腐蚀涂料。

化学品船的发展历史

随着化学工业的发展,尤其是石油化学工业的兴起,它所需的原料及其产品的运输量日益增加。比如上世纪三十年代初,日本人造丝工业的突起,需要消耗大量的氢氧化钠,原来以固体运输方式供应客户、再让客户根据自己的需要将固碱配成不同浓度的溶液使用,从安全与工作效率方面来说,这种方法已不能适应了。为了大量运输液体烧碱,出现了世界上较早的大宗运输液体烧碱产品的散装液体化学品船。



01

第一代化学品船

最早出现的散装化学品船是在1948年,美国把T-2型普通油轮“Marine chemical Transport ”号改装成化学品船,可称为第一代化学品船。其典型例子是T-2型油轮改装成9073总吨的“R.E.Wilson ”号化学品船,设有双层底舱,中央舱可装9种不同的化学品,翼舱装载煤油,并使用了深井泵,具有较灵活的管线系统,装卸比较方便。但实际上没有脱离普通油轮(Tanker)的窝臼,由于货舱结构材料所限,对装运化学品货物有很大的局限性。

02

第二代化学品船

到了六十年代,为了能装运更多品种的化学品,将成品油轮(Product Tanker)加以改造,成为所谓的第二代化学品船,它具有两个明显的特点:一是采用分隔式的货舱,二是广泛地应用了舱壁涂层工艺,使装运散装化学品的适应性进一步扩大。

03

第三代化学品船

这是专门设计建造的化学品专用船(Chemical Tanker),由于七十年代液体化学品货运量和货种不断增加,对货舱结构材料提出了更高的要求。为了保证货物的质量和运输的安全,有1/3到1/2的中央液货舱及其所使用的泵和管线是用不锈钢建造的,从而扩大了使用范围;在结构上,采用双层底舱,可作压载之用;管系采用一舱一泵体系,一般不用总泵房操作,而分段设置泵房,使装卸更为灵活方便。

04

第四代化学品船

第四代化学品船以1985年5月,南韩大宇造船公司为总部设在美国的挪威斯图特-尼尔森(Stolt-Nielson)公司建造的化学品船为代表,这才是名符其实的散化船(Parcel chemical Tanker)。其主要特点是:吨位较大、分隔较密、货舱70%采用了高强度不锈钢材料、设有先进的控制、加热、透气、检测、警报及惰性气体系统、具有更大的灵活性和更好的营运性能。



化学品船的发展趋势:

跨入九十年代,化学品船的吨位有两个比较明显的倾向:一是两极化突出,2~5万载重吨级船舶加上2500DWT级以下船舶的吨位占了总数的绝大比例。二是有较缓慢的大型化趋势,世界最大的化学品液货船已超过65000DWT。

分类方法:

运载货物分类

普通液货船、石油成品液货船、多品种共装液货船、多用途化学品船、专用化学品船、液化气船等;

货舱结构分类

整体型货舱化学品船、独立型货舱化学品船;

船型分类

小型化学品船(150~2000载重吨)、中型化学品船(2000~10000载重吨)、大型化学品船(10000~33000载重吨)

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Re: 武汉港可通航多大的远洋集装箱船?答案:上海外高桥港能到的最大吨位的船

帖子 yellowcranetower » 周日 1月 19, 2025 7:12 pm

MT "TBN"

Korean Flag

49,999 MT DWT on 12.835 m draft

Double hull

Built: Apr 2008, SPP Plant & Shipbuilding (Korea)

Class: KR

LOA: 183.00m / Breadth: 32.20m / Depth: 19.10m

GRT: 30,110 NRT: 13,312

Capacity: Liquid @ 98% 52,128.556 cbm

Cargo Pumps: Submerged 12X600 cbm/hr, 2X300 cbm/hr

Cargo tank: Epoxy

M/E: MAN B&W. 6S50MC-C8.1 - 2-stroke 6-cyl. 500mm x2000mm bore/stroke 8,061mkW

A/E: MAN Energy Solutions 6L23/30H Mk.1 - 4-stroke 6-cyl. 225mm x 300mm bore/stroke 2,664mkW

IGS,

BWTS fitted

++

MT "TBN"

Korean Flag

49,999 MT DWT on 11.935 m draft

Double hull

Built: June 2008, SPP Plant & Shipbuilding (Korea)

Class: KR

LOA: 183.00m / Breadth: 32.20m / Depth: 19.10m

GRT: 30,110 NRT: 13,312

Capacity: Liquid @ 98% 52,136.294 cbm

Cargo Pumps: Submerged 12X600 cbm/hr, 2X300 cbm/hr

Cargo tank: Epoxy

M/E: MAN B&W. 6S50MC-C8.1 - 2-stroke 6-cyl. 500mm x2000mm bore/stroke 8,061mkW

A/E: MAN Energy Solutions 6L23/30H Mk.1 - 4-stroke 6-cyl. 225mm x 300mm bore/stroke 2,664mkW

IGS,

BWTS fitted

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Re: 武汉港可通航多大的远洋集装箱船?答案:上海外高桥港能到的最大吨位的船

帖子 yellowcranetower » 周日 1月 19, 2025 7:15 pm

Here's Why Product Tankers Are Outperforming Crude Tankers
Jun. 13, 2022 9:00 AM ET12 Comments

James Catlin
Investing Group
Summary
Product tanker rates are strong, but what's behind this move, and is it sustainable?
How has the Russia/Ukraine war impacted the market?
Can we still expect a favorable supply-side outlook as we move forward?
Looking for a portfolio of ideas like this one? Members of Value Investor's Edge get exclusive access to our model portfolio. Learn More »
Aerial view of chemical tanker waiting for loading

Lisa-Blue/E+ via Getty Images

Note: This report was originally published on Value Investor's Edge on May 20, 2022.

Overview
In our 2022 Product Tanker Outlook, we noted the very difficult year clean tankers endured in 2021 as a demand recovery for refined products failed to appear.

But 2022 was set to be a turnaround year with significant market tightening projected. It was forecast that "product tanker cargo mile demand is expected to grow by approximately 6-7% over the course of 2022. This comes against an expected 2% net fleet growth... with the divergence between supply and demand expected to be a bullish 4%-5%."

The last line in that 2022 outlook summed up the conviction for that strong reversal: "This makes product tankers, my Dark Horse, or 'come from behind' pick in 2022."

Fast forward to May of 2022 and product tanker rates have been strengthening, demand for airline travel appears to be returning, arbitrage trades are thriving, and the Russia/Ukraine war has caused a great deal of fleet dislocation which has led to spot premiums for fortuitously positioned vessels.

In fact, the MR class is now firmly in the running to achieve the greatest YoY increase in earnings of all the various segments and vessel classes that we cover and is on pace for new decade highs.

Chart, line chart Description automatically generated

Source: Clarksons SIN

But things aren't as simple as they were just five months ago, as a myriad of new geopolitical and economic factors must be considered as we move through 2022. So, how have they impacted the market? Is this move in rates structurally based or should we attribute it to short term shocks? How have owners reacted to this bull run so far? Will the market continue to tighten?

Demand
With many issues to address in this section, let's start with the most pressing current topic; how the Russian/Ukraine war has impacted the product tanker market.

Some might recall that in Q1 Shipping Charts And Commentary I touched on the short-term shock crude tankers experienced as a result of the Russia/Ukraine war. A quick review of this situation will provide us with the basis to understand why product and crude tankers are not the same when it comes to the impact from this conflict.

The following is an excerpt from that report:

"Cargo mile demand is down in both the Suezmax and Aframax classes, but average rates are skyrocketing.

Chart, line chart Description automatically generated

Source: VesselsValue

The reason is due to reluctance by some owners to commit to Russian cargoes or ports, which has led to major spikes in regional freight rates.

While the market at large has benefitted to some degree, the extremely high rates are only being found on these select routes, as noted below showing global Aframax rates for specific routes.

Chart, line chart Description automatically generated

Source: VesselsValue

Notice the TD17 is providing the impetus for much of this rate move, which is the Baltic to UK-Cont (Primorsk to Wilhelmshaven) route, shown below.

A map of the world Description automatically generated with medium confidence

Source: Baltic Exchange

But this short haul is just one of many routes that compose the overall market.

Crude Tanker Routes

Source: Baltic Exchange

Vessel positioning and a willingness to call on certain ports will allow owners to best capture this window of opportunity while others may be left out to a large degree.

Therefore, this move is not structurally based but rather the consequence of geopolitical affairs, which implies a shelf-life, the duration of which is directly correlated to this situation in the short-run with that effect waning as we move further from the initial shock."

The above statement was published on April 12, 2022, which also marked the high point for Aframax rates during this short shock cycle.

Chart, line chart Description automatically generated

Source: VesselsValue

This also coincided with short-term tops in both the Suezmax and VLCC classes.

Chart, line chart Description automatically generated

Chart, line chart Description automatically generated

Source: VesselsValue

What makes the product tanker market different? For starters, the recent rally in product rates has been witnessed more broadly throughout the market and has possessed far greater staying power.

Chart, line chart Description automatically generated

Source: Clarksons SIN

Notice that the gains witnessed in the product segment (above) are spread throughout numerous benchmark routes, whereas the rally in Aframax rates (pictured below) was confined to very specific routes with very minimal movement and no staying power for benchmarks not involved in this short-term shock.

Chart, line chart Description automatically generated

Source: Clarksons SIN

The reason why product tankers are keeping their gains is very simple; it is structurally based - as they were far closer to a state of market equilibrium compared to their crude tanker counterparts.

In our 2022 market outlooks, it was noted that a supply glut and lackluster cargo mile demand growth since 2018 has plagued the crude tanker segment leaving it in a heightened state of disequilibrium, with no quick fix likely in the cards. But the product tanker market was far better off from a supply/demand structural standpoint, almost nearing market equilibrium, with very minimal market tightening projected to result in gains.

The question then becomes, have we been witnessing this structural tightening?

In our 2022 outlook, we forecast a divergence between supply and demand to be a bullish 4%-5%. As of May 16, 2022, the MR2 fleet is posting a YTD gain of 5.61% in cargo mile demand, according to data from VesselsValue. A total of 10 MR2 vessels have been scrapped already in 2022 while a total of 21 have been delivered, leading to a net gain of just 11 vessels or 0.64%. This leads to an approximate 4.97% bullish divergence between supply/demand growth - favoring a tighter market and higher rates.

This appears to support the idea that the slowly manifesting market strength across the board is a result of this gradual tightening as opposed to short-term shocks rippling through the market.

Even though the most recent data available continues to support cargo mile demand growth estimates of approximately 5.5%-6%, it's always wise to determine just how we achieved those figures and if they are indeed sustainable.

Again, we must turn to the impact of the Russia/Ukraine war to discern the influence it has had on rerouting and arbitrage markets.

First, let's start with the fact that crude oil and product markets have been impacted differently.

According to IEA data, Russian oil exports rebounded in April, rising by 620,000 barrels a day to 8.1 million barrels a day, close to its prewar levels. While oil shipments to the EU, US, and UK fell by around 1.2 million b/d, cargoes bound for India and Turkey jumped by 730,000 b/d and 180,000 b/d, respectively.

However, Russia's exports of refined products have fallen sharply and are down nearly 900,000 b/d from an exceptionally high level in February. Its April products exports are also down about 500,000 b/d from the average for the previous five months.

With Russia's remaining trading partners, like China and India being major refined product exporters themselves, including diesel of which Europe had been a major purchaser, the Russians are struggling to find buyers for their products.

Meanwhile, short haul Russian volumes that were originating from the Black Sea and heading to Europe have found themselves being replaced by longer hauls out of the US Gulf. Additionally, tighter supply in Europe caused prices for refined products (especially diesel) to rise, which inspired an arbitrage trade.

How bullish was this for the market?

According to VesselsValue data for LR2, LR1 and MR2 vessels, total volumes sent to NW Europe from the USA between April 1, through May 17 increased by 89.5% compared that same period a year ago.

Looking at that same YoY timeframe, when broken down into cargo miles, this shift resulted in a nearly 0.86% increase in total cargo miles traveled for the entire fleet. A nice feather in the cap but certainly not responsible for the vast majority of gains we've seen, suggesting much of that demand is rooted in organic global economic activity and, some would argue, ongoing refinery dislocation.

It's difficult to determine long term conviction for Europe's desire to follow through on diversifying away from Russia, but for the short to medium term, it seems highly likely that this state of affairs will continue given the stated goal of phasing out Russian crude imports within six months and oil products by the end of the year.

Let's return to the topic of refinery dislocation, which refers to the growing distance refined products must travel between their production facilities to consumer markets. These longer distances being traveled typically favor seaborne transportation and thereby create outsized demand for product tankers relative to corresponding economic growth.

According to Ardmore's latest earnings presentation, the ongoing trend of refinery dislocation is expected to continue with export-oriented refinery capacity growth of 8.5 million b/d from 2022 to 2026 in Asia and the Middle East while refinery closures of 5.9 million b/d in the mature markets of the US, Europe, Japan and Australia are anticipated.

The chart below shows the concentration of these capacity additions relative to projected closures.

Map Description automatically generated

Source: Ardmore

These widespread closures in developed nations do not reflect decreasing demand, instead these volumes will need to be made up through imports.

Taken at face value, the volumes displaced and directly replaced by these new additions would result in a steady 2%-3% annual cargo mile demand growth through 2026.

But product markets aren't that straightforward, as thousands of vessels serving numerous routes allow buyers and sellers of refined products to capitalize on the best deals which often involve minor savings on transport costs (shorter distances).

Therefore, market efficiencies will likely reduce those associated cargo mile demand gains somewhat, putting a more realistic estimate at about 1%-1.5% annual growth. Even with these more subdued expectations, this remains a meaningful tailwind.

Before we conclude the demand section, it's worth noting that these strong cargo mile demand gains for 2022 materialized even after February recorded a 9.6% drop in total product tanker loadings, for 25k dwt and above, compared to January. Obviously, the result of the Russia/Ukraine war and lockdowns in China.

Chart, line chart Description automatically generated

Source: Clarksons SIN

March and April have witnessed loadings return to expected levels with May showing a stronger initial two-weeks when compared to those months. This would indicate that estimates for expected organic demand growth continue to be on track.

Taken all together, an expected 3.5%-4.5% ongoing organic cargo mile demand growth, combined with approximately 1%-1.5% gains from dislocation, and an approximate 1% in arbitrage and rerouting should continue to work together to help achieve around 6%-7% total cargo mile demand gains by the end of the year.

Supply
Overall conditions for most segments are often dictated by markets surrounding the largest vessels (VLCCs for crude, Capesize for Dry Bulk, LNGC's for LNG, etc.), however, the product tanker market is decidedly different.

Here, we see the MR2 fleet (40,000-54,999 dwt), which numbers just over 1,700 vessels in total, set the tone. This also explains why these vessels are the main area of focus when discussing the product tanker market.

With this fact comes a notable concern. Due to their small size, relatively small price tag, and quick build times, the MR2 fleet, and consequently the product tanker segment as a whole, can see supply side conditions change considerable in a short time.

In fact, a rash of newbuild orders can quickly disrupt the market some 14-18 months down the road. But before we get to newbuild orders, let's quickly review the orderbook.

The MR2 orderbook continues to shrink, now down to an anemic 6.6% as of May 18.

Chart Description automatically generated

Source: Data Courtesy of VesselsValue - Chart by VIE

In terms of fleet capacity, the product tanker orderbook as a whole continues to plummet to levels not seen in over 25 years, breaking below the 5% mark this month and now down to a paltry 4.93%.

Chart, line chart Description automatically generated

Source: Clarksons SIN

This shrinking orderbook comes amid very strong rates, which is highly unusual as noted in the next chart comparing the two.

Chart, line chart Description automatically generated

Source: Clarksons SIN

Notice that rising (or falling) rates in many instances were the catalyst for an increasing (or decreasing) orderbook which soon followed.

But this time is different as rates, which we believe are rooted in structural market dynamics, have been showing strength all while owners have shunned the newbuild market.

In fact, we are currently looking at the longest lull in newbuild orders since the onset of the Great Recession, now in its fourth quarter of lackluster activity.

Chart, line chart Description automatically generated

Source: Clarksons SIN

Only 9 orders total have been placed across all product tanker classes since the start of 2022. This defies expectations for owners to modernize fleets, let alone use those recent profits to expand their operations.

But maybe they are concentrated on S&P activity, as they rightfully should be according to past bear to bull cycles, where owners seek out on the water tonnage to capitalize on these limited windows of opportunities.

So, are owners utilizing the S&P markets to acquire secondhand vessels?

Chart, bar chart Description automatically generated

Source: Data Courtesy of VesselsValue - Chart by VIE

Current activity for LR vessels is trending above average, however the MR2 class is looking at a fairly average year. Again, we use the MR2 as an indicator, not just because of the sheer vessels numbers and it being a reflection of the market, but also because that class typically sees the highest sales in terms of dollar value.

Listening to the latest round of earnings calls from companies engaged in the product tanker trade, owners appeared trepidatious regarding fleet expansion, referring to the upcoming EEXI/CII and the lack of overall market clarity regarding the best way to achieve operational efficiency in the face of these looming mandates.

This apprehensiveness could solidify a very thin delivery schedule for 2023, which is also when we will see the greatest market shock from these upcoming mandates with the implementation of the EEXI.

It's noteworthy that all LR orders placed this year have been scheduled for 2024 and 2025 delivery, while the last two MR2 orders which were placed in April are scheduled for delivery in December of 2023. This suggests the window for 2023 is closing with larger vessels perhaps having to wait even longer due to shipyard constraints for bigger slots.

This means we are likely looking at much tighter supply issues in 2023 and extending into 2024, which should play into higher rates and also asset prices.

According to recent history, those asset prices could have some room to increase.

Chart, line chart Description automatically generated

Source: Clarksons SIN

It's noteworthy that in 2007, earnings per day averaged $31,942 and asset values averaged $59 million. Fast forward to 2022 where earnings per day are averaging $27,275 while asset values are hovering around $30 million (according to the most recent 50k dwt 5-year old sale). This would suggest that if these earnings are sustained and even increase, asset values might have some catching up to do - but a sustained (key word) increase will be required, as the market has shrugged off shocks in the past.

Conclusion
Demand for product tankers has recovered to pre-pandemic levels and is growing at a decent pace. This will be complimented by a variety of factors that should act as tailwinds in 2022 and 2023.

Of course, one looming adverse development that could impact this forecast would be a global recession that eats into the historically relatively inelastic demand of refined products. Another would be high prices themselves resulting in significant demand destruction.

While Covid did have a very profound impact on refined product demand due to the travel restrictions and imposed industrial/manufacturing curbs, in previous recessions the product tanker market has escaped relatively unscathed. During the Great Recession, it was the only segment to continue posting cargo mile demand gains year over year.

So, while a watchful eye should be focused on a global recession, the notion of losing a couple percent in demand growth isn't so scary when it’s placed against a delivery schedule that would be entirely manageable even under those conditions.

The ongoing Russia/Ukraine war has changed product tanker flows slightly, with the outcome adding to cargo mile demand. This situation looks to have staying power of the medium term with political resolve dictating the longer-term outlook.

Arbitrage trades are alive and well. Low stockpiles and high prices are a perfect combination which should continue to open windows of opportunities for traders, adding another layer of demand for product tankers.

Refinery dislocation should continue to play a role ahead. Due to the quick moving markets populated by numerous vessels and routes, which are driven by efficiency, I personally think the impact here could be a little less profound than others, but still meaningful.

Overall, the product tanker market is witnessing solid demand while the supply side is currently experiencing extremely low net fleet growth, leading to a solid divergence between supply and demand which is favoring higher rates.

This low net fleet growth should persist, and even become more profound as we move through 2023 where the EEXI will likely force some vintage vessels on to the beaches. Remember, nearly 7% of the MR2 fleet is over 20 years-old which presents enough demo candidates to meaningfully move this market, especially when compared to the sub-5% orderbook.

Aside from a recession and price inspired demand destruction, the other main thing to watch would be a quick ordering spree among owners once clarity is gained regarding the EEXI. If they react quickly and collectively, we could be facing another round of deliveries starting in late 2024 for MR2s and early 2025 for LRs.

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Re: 武汉港可通航多大的远洋集装箱船?答案:上海外高桥港能到的最大吨位的船

帖子 yellowcranetower » 周日 1月 19, 2025 7:21 pm

2艘最大船舶!航天大洋获化学品船订单
2024-11-20 20:47:02
来源:国际船舶网 编辑: 国际船舶网 我有话要说


11月15日,江苏大洋海洋装备有限公司(以下简称“航天大洋”)、洋浦中鑫船务有限公司(以下简称“洋浦中鑫”)与中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院(以下简称“708所”)在航天大洋举行2艘50000载重吨成品油/化学品船建造签约仪式。

航天大洋董事长兼总经理张皓若、副总经理高洪湖、孙金祥,洋浦中鑫董事长胡敬领、总经理胡松,中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院民船部主任张超等三方领导共同出席仪式。这一合作项目标志着航天大洋在油化专业船舶制造领域迈出了坚实的步伐。

洋浦中鑫船务有限公司是一家新兴的船务公司,在船舶管理与运营方面已经展现出了不俗的成绩。董事长胡敬领在签约仪式上表达了对未来合作的期待,希望以本次合作为契机,后续将业务拓展到更高水平,洋浦中鑫与航天大洋的紧密合作将促进双方的技术交流和资源整合。

国家级科研机构中国船舶及海洋工程设计研究院,其在船舶设计领域的专业能力和科研水平处于领跑地位。民船部主任张超对本次合作充满信心,708所一直以来是油化船设计领域的开拓者,业绩丰富,会全力以赴做好本项目全流程技术服务工作,确保顺利交付运营。

航天大洋董事长兼总经理张皓若表示,此次合作不仅是对我们团队能力的肯定,也是对我们生产工艺和质量控制体系的认可。我们期待通过此次合作,进一步推动公司该类型船舶的技术创新和市场扩展。

此次签约的50000DWT油化船为双底双壳、艉楼型、单机单桨成品油/化学品船,总长约182.9米,型宽32.26米,载重吨约50000吨,设计航速约14.5节。该船主要用于装载成品油及化学品。

据了解,江苏大洋海洋装备有限公司成立于2007年,位于江苏省泰兴市虹桥工业园区内,是中国航天科工集团下属国有上市公司——航天发展股份有限公司的控股子公司。公司总投资8亿元,厂区占地面积300000平方米,拥有长江岸线500米。

最新的订单将刷新航天大洋建造的最大船舶纪录。克拉克森的数据显示,截至目前航天大洋建造的最大船舶是其在今年8月承接的海南领航国际航运有限公司1艘21000载重吨化学品船,而在此之前航天大洋交付的最大船舶为南京扬洋化工运贸有限公司2艘13000载重吨级化学品船。

连同最新订单在内,根据克拉克森的数据,航天大洋现有船舶手持订单15艘21.9万载重吨,其中杂货船9艘、化学品油船3艘、锚作拖船(AHT)2艘、海缆施工船1艘,交船期排至2027年。

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Re: 武汉港可通航多大的远洋集装箱船?答案:上海外高桥港能到的最大吨位的船

帖子 yellowcranetower » 周日 1月 19, 2025 7:25 pm

2022年中国液货危险品船(化学品船)现状及趋势分析,石化供给侧改革推进行业集中化、规模化「图」
周泉
周泉
2023-03-15 10:31
一、化学品船综述

化学品船一般指液体化学品船,即用于运载各种有毒的、易燃的、易发挥或有腐蚀性化学物质的货船。由于化学品液货船运载品种繁多、性质各异,分类方法较多。其中,按照船型大小分类,可分为小型化学品船(150~2000载重吨)、中型化学品船(2000~10000载重吨)、大型化学品船(10000~33000载重吨)。

化学品船型分类情况

化学品船型分类情况

资料来源:交通运输部,华经产业研究院整理

具体从船型方面,目前国内沿海省际化学品运输船以中型船为主。据统计,2021年上半年,国内中型化学品船数量(仅统计2000-8999 DWT)为213艘,总运力为92.8万载重吨,分别占比77.5%、73.1%。

2021年上半年中国内贸液体化学品船舶吨位结构

2021年上半年中国内贸液体化学品船舶吨位结构

资料来源:公开资料整理

二、危化品物流产业链

从危化品物流产业链来看,上游主要为运力供给方,中游是化工物流企业,下游为石油和化工产业中的物流需求方。

具体来看,上游企业中按照陆路运输和水运划分;中游企业按企业性质划分,化工物流企业可以分为化工企业的物流子公司、央企化工物流和民营第三方物流。按业务性质划分,可分为陆运服务型企业、水运服务型企业、仓储服务型企业和综合服务型企业;下游企业中,化工产业企业主要分为石油化工、基础化工和化学化纤三类,主要包括中石油、中石化等公司。

危化品物流产业链

危化品物流产业链

资料来源:公开资料整理

液货危险品航运业是我国石化产业物流供应链的重要环节,而石化产业作为我国国民经济发展的重要支柱。根据中物联危化品物流分会数据,2021年中国危化品物流行业市场规模为2.24万亿元,同比增长9.27%。预计2022年我国危化品物流行业市场规模达到2.41万亿元,保持稳定增长。

运输方式结构方面,2021年道路、水路运输占比分别为70%、22%。水运占比较低从2018年的18%增加至2021年的22%,由于水运规模大、成本低,市场前景可期。

2015-2022年中国危化品物流行业市场规模及增速

2015-2022年中国危化品物流行业市场规模及增速

资料来源:中物联危化品物流分会,华经产业研究院整理

相关报告:华经产业研究院发布的《2023-2028年中国六氟化钨行业发展监测及市场发展潜力预测报告》

三、化学品船行业现状分析

从水运结构看,目前我国液货危险品航运中以油船和化学品船为主,液化气船较少。据统计,2021年成品油、化学品的运输量、化学品运输量分别为8100万吨、3650万吨,液化气虽然仅为525吨,但是随着“双碳”战略的推进,或将迎来较快增速。

2021年中国危化品物流按品种总运输量情况

2021年中国危化品物流按品种总运输量情况

资料来源:公开资料整理

1、油船

从油船市场来看,据交通运输部数据,截至2022年12月31日,沿海省际油船(含原油船、成品油船,不含油品、化学品两用船)共计1194艘、总运力达到1142.2万载重吨,数量上同比减少30艘,但吨位增加了28.1万载重吨,吨位增幅2.5%。2022年新增运力57艘、57.8万载重吨;共有87艘、28.0万载重吨船舶提前退出市场。

2012-2022年中国沿海省际油船总运力及数量情况

2012-2022年中国沿海省际油船总运力及数量情况

资料来源:交通运输部,华经产业研究院整理

2、化学品船

化学品船方面,截至2022年12月31日,沿海省际化学品船(含油品、化学品两用船)共计287艘、总运力为139.9万载重吨,同比增加3艘、11.0万载重吨,吨位增幅8.5%。2022年新增运力28艘、18.8万载重吨,共有25艘、7.6万载重吨船舶提前退出市场。

2014-2022年中国沿海省际化学品船总运力及数量

2014-2022年中国沿海省际化学品船总运力及数量

资料来源:交通运输部,华经产业研究院整理

3、液化气船

液化气船方面,截至2022年12月31日,沿海省际液化气船共计80艘、28.8万载重吨,同比艘数增加3艘、2.2万载重吨,吨位增幅8.2%。2022年新增运力6艘、2.8万载重吨;除强制报废船舶3艘,0.6万载重吨,没有提前退出市场船舶。

2014-2022年中国沿海省际液化气船总运力及数量

2014-2022年中国沿海省际液化气船总运力及数量

资料来源:交通运输部,华经产业研究院整理

四、化学品船行业竞争格局

我国液货危化品水上运输行业正处于快速成长期,但受本行业的严格准入限制与运力管控的影响,业内规模企业数量较少,运营散装液体化学品船的船东公司不超过100家,市场竞争情况相对透明。目前,该行业形成了国企控股的大型企业、中小型民营企业并存的市场竞争格局。此外,业内小型企业数量相对较多,基本活跃于国内市场,但总体运力规模偏小,服务能力与市场竞争力有限,所提供的服务多对接下游小型石化企业或地方炼厂。

2022年中国液货危险品水上运输行业竞争格局情况

2022年中国液货危险品水上运输行业竞争格局情况

注:数据统计截止至2022年12月底。

资料来源:兴通股份招股说明书,各公司官网,华经产业研究院整理

兴通股份主要从事国内沿海散装液体危险货物的水上运输业务,以运输化学品、液化石油气(LPG)为主,运输成品油为辅。据公司数据,2021年兴通股份实现营收5.67亿元,同比增长46.70%。其中化学品运输业务营收4.56亿元,占比80.49%,成品油运输业务营收1.11亿元,占比19.51%。

2012年以来,兴通股份累计获得化学品船新增运力9.55万载重吨,占同期市场新增运力的22.32%,位列行业首位。自2019年以来,交通运输部共开展了5次危化品船舶新增运力综合评审,公司均以第一名的成绩获得新增运力。这使得兴通股份的由化学品船运力规模占市场总运力的比例由2018年末的4.61%上升至2022年末的12.48%,居国内领先地位。在行业集中度提升的主基调下,兴通股份有望通过自身竞争优势,在巩固龙头地位的同时,持续扩大船舶运力规模。

2018-2022年兴通股份化学品船运力及市场份额占比

2018-2022年兴通股份化学品船运力及市场份额占比

资料来源:公司公告,华经产业研究院整理

五、化学品船行业未来发展趋势

1、为了遏制重大事故,危化运输行业壁垒较高、监管较严。第一,严格准入管理。未取得许可,不得从事危化运输。尤其是水运方面,外国的企业、其他经济组织和个人不得经营水路运输业务,也不得以租用中国籍船舶或者舱位等方式变相经营水路运输业务。第二,严控新增运力。自2011年起交通运输部数次发布沿海省级化学品船运力调控政策,并结合市场供求以专家综合评审的方式有序增加船舶运力。第三,严格评分机制。关于新增运力的专家综合评审中,安全问题占85分,而企业经营情况仅占15分。

近年来中国危化运输行业监管政策梳理

近年来中国危化运输行业监管政策梳理

资料来源:国务院,交通运输部,华经产业研究院整理

自2011年7月,国内沿海化工品运输市场运力进入严格调控时期,每年新增运力有限,2012-2018年市场年均新增运力为21371.43载重吨。在严格的运力监管制度下,化学品运输行业总运力扩张相对缓慢,行业总量受到调控,市场择优而选,行业保持有序增长。

近年来中国液体化学品船舶获批运力规模及船舶数量情况

近年来中国液体化学品船舶获批运力规模及船舶数量情况

资料来源:公开资料整理

2、伴随着石化行业新一轮供给侧改革渐次推进,其规模化、集中化趋势显现,小型船东公司由于存在资金实力受限、安全管理水平良莠不齐、运力规模有限等竞争劣势,难以获取下游大型客户的青睐,市场份额将逐渐缩小。同时,行业内具备安全管理、品牌、运输服务等综合优势的大中型企业将逐步受益,市场份额不断扩张,推动行业集中度不断提升。

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Re: 武汉港可通航多大的远洋集装箱船?答案:上海外高桥港能到的最大吨位的船

帖子 yellowcranetower » 周日 1月 19, 2025 7:28 pm

两家中国船厂又获8艘化学品船订单!英国船东再下单
 来源:国际船舶网 发布时间:2023-04-14
  近日,英国船东Union Maritime接连在两家中国船厂下单订造8艘18500载重吨化学品船,总价值达2.4亿美元(约合人民币16.50亿元)。

  克拉克森的数据显示,这8艘化学品船分别由马尾造船和芜湖造船厂各承建4艘,交付时间均定于2025年,其中马尾造船的订单于3月31日签约,芜湖造船厂的订单于4月1日签约。虽然船价并未公布,但消息人士称每艘新船造价约为3000万美元。

  此前,芜湖造船厂已经披露,与国内外知名船东签署了8艘18500载重吨IMO二类化学品船建造合同。其中4艘已经被证实来自东海安和散货运输有限公司,合同中还包含额外4艘备选订单。另外4艘则来自Union Maritime。

  芜湖造船厂介绍称,该系列船载重吨18500吨,载货量21000立方米,船长149.80米,型宽22.80米,型深12.70米,设计吃水8.50米,采用甲醇双燃料预留设计理念,满足IMO Tier III排放标准,未来可改造升级使用清洁能源甲醇燃料运行,为客户提供了碳中和解决方案。该船除了高度灵活和考虑到环保性能外,还设计用于运输IMO II型化学品,包括甲醇和各种生物燃料。

  对于马尾造船而言,Union Maritime的订单是该船厂时隔四年再获化学品船订单。根据克拉克森的数据,马尾造船上一次承接化学品船订单还是在2019年2月过去两年来,马尾造船一直以承接支线集装箱船订单为主。在目前该船厂总计49艘手持订单中,多达33艘为支线船,而且全部在2021-2022年下单订造。

  Union Maritime是一家总部位于英国的船东和运营商,拥有多样化的船舶资产,包括原油船、液化气船、成品油船和干散货船。官网信息显示,目前该公司船队数量共计66艘,包括43艘成品油船、4艘原油船、17艘散货船和2艘海工船。

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